systematic - It deals with the scientific study of kinds and diversity of organisms and their interrelationship while classifying organism .
Developmental history of Systematics:
The human civilization and the development of systematic started simultaneously, i.e., civilization of human being is the systematics or in other words we say that in our daily life those people who maintain their houses systematically that means they are civilized. As the knowledge developed, they started naming the plants and animals according to
their own choice .
The medicinal importance of ploants were collected and studied. Charaka and Susruta, the two eminent ancient Indian scholars and ayurvedic physicians, contributed a lot to our knowledge of diversity and utility of organisms.
The Greek scholars notably Hippocrates (460-377 B.C) and Democritus (465-370 B.C.) made observations on animals but their classification was not useful. Later on Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) also studied the living organisms, viz., plants and animals and gave statement on classification that “animals may be characterised according to their way of living, their action, their habit and their bodily parts”.
ARISTOTOL CLASSIFIED THE MAJOR GROUPS OF ANIMALS AS BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS AND WHALES. ARISTOTLE IS CALLED THE “FATHER OF BIOLOGICAL TAXONOMY.”THEOPHRASTUS (370- 385 B.C.) WHO WAS THE STUDENT OF PLATO AND THEN OF ARISTOTLE, IS KNOWN AS THE “FATHER OF BOTANY”, CLASSIFIED ALL PLANTS ON THE BASIS OF FORM AND TEXTURE.
A . Magnus (1193-1280) recognised the differences in between the monocotyledons and dicotyledons with the help of crud lenses and recognised the classification of Theophrastus. Otto Brunfels (1464— 1554), a German, first recognised the Perfecti and Imperfect group of plants based on the presence or absence of flowers respectively.
J. Bock (1498-1554), another German, classified the plants into trees, shrubs and herbs. Cesalpino (1519-1603) taxonomically classified plants on the basis of habit and subdivided them on the characters of seedsand fruits.
In the history of systematics, John Ray (1627-1705) has done a great job. Before him the classification was baseless and there was not any strong scientific background.
He observed and collected plants and animals, but also planned to classify them. Later John Ray published his Historia Generalis Plantarum in three volumes between 1668 and 1704. In this book, John Ray described accurately and in meticulous detail and catalogued over 18,000 plants. John roy was the first person who recognised the difference between genus and species and through valuation of both similarities and dissimilarities in animals . The most remarkable man in the field of taxonomy after john roy was Carolus Linnaeus (1707- 1778) who is often referred to as the “Father of Taxonomy” for his outstanding contribution in this field. Linnaeus made careful observations on the plants and animals by visited many European countries.
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