Structure of DNA:
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is made up of molecules Known as nucleotides. Each nucleotide consist a phosphate group, a sugar group and a nitrogen base. Nitrogen bases are foaur types, these are - Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C). The order of these bases is what determines DNA's instructions, or genetic code.
Nitrogen bases in a DNA sequence forms genes. Another type of nucleic acid, RNA (ribonucleic acid ) translates genetic information from DNA into proteins. When nucleotides are attached together to form two long strands that spiral to create a structure called a double helix.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules are long — so long, that they can't fit into cells without the right packaging. DNA is tightly coiled, to fit inside the cell ,form structures which is known as chromosomes.A chromosome contains a single DNA molecule.
Types of DNA:
1) Genomic DNA- Genomic DNA controls expression of the different traits in an organism. Genomic DNA is spread across 46 chromosomes leading to an expression of genetic traits..
2) Mitochondrial DNA- Mitochondrial DNA is a doublestranded circular molecule. Each mitochondrion contains about 2-10 mtDNA. mtDNA is always maternally inhereted.
Form of DNA :
1) B-DNA(Balanced DNA )- made-up of sugar-phospate and base pairs purin-pyrimidine
2) A-DNA(Alternate DNA) - A-DNA contains 11 base pairs as compared to 10 base pairs of B-DNA
3) C-DNA-Humidity found 66% humidity in the presence of lithium ions..4) D-DNA- D-DNA have 8 base pairs.
5) Z-DNA (Zigzag DNA)- Z-DNA have 8 base pairs.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules are long — so long, that they can't fit into cells without the right packaging. DNA is tightly coiled, to fit inside the cell ,form structures which is known as chromosomes.A chromosome contains a single DNA molecule.
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Types of DNA:
1) Genomic DNA- Genomic DNA controls expression of the different traits in an organism. Genomic DNA is spread across 46 chromosomes leading to an expression of genetic traits..
2) Mitochondrial DNA- Mitochondrial DNA is a doublestranded circular molecule. Each mitochondrion contains about 2-10 mtDNA. mtDNA is always maternally inhereted.
Form of DNA :
1) B-DNA(Balanced DNA )- made-up of sugar-phospate and base pairs purin-pyrimidine
2) A-DNA(Alternate DNA) - A-DNA contains 11 base pairs as compared to 10 base pairs of B-DNA
3) C-DNA-Humidity found 66% humidity in the presence of lithium ions..4) D-DNA- D-DNA have 8 base pairs.
5) Z-DNA (Zigzag DNA)- Z-DNA have 8 base pairs.
DNA discovery:
In 1869 DNA was first observed by a German biochemist named Frederich Miescher. But until 1953 researchers did not realize the importance of this molecule. In 1953 James Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin figured out the structure of DNA — a double helix, the molecule that carries genetic information from one generation to the other.
After nine years, in 1962, they shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Maurice Wilkins, for solving one of the most important of all biological riddles.
In 1869 DNA was first observed by a German biochemist named Frederich Miescher. But until 1953 researchers did not realize the importance of this molecule. In 1953 James Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin figured out the structure of DNA — a double helix, the molecule that carries genetic information from one generation to the other.
After nine years, in 1962, they shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Maurice Wilkins, for solving one of the most important of all biological riddles.